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美國研究人員5月12日說，動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)表明，一種與大腦發(fā)育有關(guān)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)或許可幫助減輕焦慮癥甚至抑郁癥。 美國密歇根大學(xué)的哈維爾·佩雷斯等人在《神經(jīng)科學(xué)雜志》上介紹說，他們通過篩選法培育出兩類大鼠，一類焦慮不安，一類比較安定，檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)，焦慮不安的大鼠與安定的大鼠相比，前者大腦中的成纖維細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子2（簡(jiǎn)稱FGF2）水平較低。 佩雷斯說，改善焦慮不安大鼠的外部生存環(huán)境，比如給它們大的居住空間或者給它們一些玩具，可提高它們大腦中FGF2的水平，并減輕它們的焦慮情緒。 佩雷斯說：“此前人們知道FGF2與大腦發(fā)育有關(guān)，可幫助修復(fù)大腦創(chuàng)傷，但我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，F(xiàn)GF2還扮演了另外兩個(gè)重要角色：它是導(dǎo)致焦慮癥的遺傳因素，也是環(huán)境影響人體的調(diào)節(jié)因素，這讓人非常驚訝。” 推薦原始出處： The Journal of Neuroscience, May 13, 2009, doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4829-08.2009 A New Role for FGF2 as an Endogenous Inhibitor of Anxiety Javier A. Perez, Sarah M. Clinton, Cortney A. Turner, Stanley J. Watson, and Huda Akil 1 Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Human postmortem studies have demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) expression is decreased in the brain of depressed individuals. It remained unclear, however, whether this is a consequence of the illness or whether FGF2 plays a primary role in the control of mood and emotions. In this series of studies, we first ask whether endogenous FGF2 expression correlates with spontaneous anxiety, a trait associated with vulnerability to severe mood disorders in humans. This is tested in two genetically distinct groups of rats selectively bred to differ dramatically in their response to novelty and anxiety-provoking conditions (HRs = low anxiety/high response to novelty vs LRs = high anxiety/low response to novelty). We demonstrate that high-anxiety LRs have significantly lower levels of hippocampal FGF2 mRNA relative to low-anxiety HRs. We then demonstrate that FGF2 expression is modifiable by environmental factors that alter anxiety—thus, environmental complexity reduces anxiety behavior and induces FGF2 expression in hippocampus, particularly in high-anxiety LRs. Finally, we directly test the role of FGF2 as an anxiolytic and show that a 3 week treatment regimen of peripherally administered FGF2 is highly effective at blunting anxiety behavior, specifically in high-anxiety LRs. This treatment is accompanied by an increase in survival of adult-born hippocampal cells, both neurons and astrocytes, most clearly in LRs. These findings implicate hippocampal FGF2 as a central integrator of genetic and environmental factors that modify anxiety, point to hippocampal neurogenesis and gliogenesis as key in this modulation, and underscore FGF2's potential as a new target for treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. (責(zé)任編輯：Doctor001) |
